An immediatespin tube test reverse grouping resolved 1926 discrepancies due to patients antiaantib not detected in gel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of igm deficiency detected by abo discrepancy in a patient with acute osteomyelitis. We aimed to determine the prevalence of abo discrepancies in our donor population and to know the causes by using a standard classification. In pdf mode, open balloon at top left of each page to see discussion. State the source of the anth lectin and state what it is used for.
Seventh annual pathology education symposium recorded. Generally the abo group of the patient can be hypothesized from the patient data with varying degrees of certainty. For brevity, discrepancies have been arbitrarily classified into categories such as weak or missing antibodies, extra antigens, etc. So, this is an episode that has been called for many times, by. To determine the most likely category the laboratory professional must look at the strength and specificity of the reactions in the context of the patient history and findings. Relations between the abo, secretornonsecretor, and lewis. Abo discrepancies essentials with nicole draper blood. Samplerelated problems that affect redcell testing were observed in twenty cases, and the most common cause of abo discrepancies in this category was subgroups of a and b. Explain what must be done if an abo discrepancy cannot be resolved before the patient requires a transfusion. A stat type and screen for two units of blood was ordered. When there is an abo typing discrepancy cynthia cruz, mlsascpcm american red cross reference. At opticianworks we want you to be the best you can be, for yourself, our profession, and the people you serve, which is why we put together this free study guide to help you start your journey. Causes of abo discrepancies at the kfhu blood bank laboratory cause number frequency % abo subgroups and alloantibodies aa 2 81.
Transfusion medicine quality manual standard operating. Patients with rbcs of more than one abo group due to rbc transfusion or marrow transplant. Classifying abo discrepancies in order to provide a systematic approach for problemsolving, abo discrepancies are generally divided into four categories. A measure of case complexity in slideshow mode, use the space bar to advance each slide view notes section of each slide to see discussion. Most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. Transfusion of type o blood would cause an immediate hemolytic transfusion. Importance of transplantation history in abo discrepancies. Taking a cue from the mit opencourseware initiative and similar programs from other educational institutions, openoptix is an initiative to encourage, develop, and host free and open optical education to improve optical care worldwide. Discrepancy in abo blood grouping mohammad noman khan, taseer ahmed khan and zulfiqar ahmed abstract discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. The page below is a sample from the labce course abo typing discrepancies. Leukemia and other malignancies may weaken antigen reactions. Begin follow up by getting an accurate patient history age, meded ca o s,ications, ddag oss,iagnosis, eectc.
Abo blood grouping discrepancies in the donor population. Aug 01, 2018 most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. Midline discrepancy the midline for each arch equals the midpoint between the mx central incisors and the mn central incisors demonstrated by two vertical reference lines. A patients pretransfusion abo grouping results are as follows. If both the a 1 and the a 2 cells are positive, the patient most likely has passivelytransfused antia, either from abo mismatched platelets or an abo mismatched organ transplant.
List 4 possible causes of abo discrepancies associated with testing for the presence or absence of 3. Case report a 16yrold boy presented at our hospital with a 5day history of intermittent and diffused pain in his right knee after exercise. Study 61 4 rh reagents and discrepancies flashcards from eye e. Thus if a child receives from its parents gene a and o it will belong to group a. Adobe acrobat reader dc software is the free global standard for reliably viewing, printing, and commenting on pdf documents. This was done repeatedly to get a population of completely free cells that showed. Extractionfree and saliva covid19 testing may 11, 2020. We use dry labs for abo discrepancy examples because it would be difficult to create actual samples that illustrate the various scenarios. However, a discrepancy was found in the reverse typing with a 1 cells and b cells producing agglutination.
Discrepancies definition of discrepancies by the free. Abo discrepancies page not found university of alberta. If transfusion is necessary before resolving the abo discrepancy the recipient should receive group o red cells and ab plasma products. Further analysis is essential to resolve such discrepancies. Unresolved abo discrepancies can compromise patient safety. Abo discrepancies can be grouped into four categories, which are discussed in detail below. In this study we examined 75066 blood units of isfahan blood transfusion center in 15 months for abo discrepancies in order to evaluate the prevalence and relevant factors of. Chemistryantigens methodologies solid phase red cell. Seventeen weak subgroup discrepancies were found in.
Resolving abo discrepancies by serological workupan analysis. Hi everyone and welcome to the blood bank guy essentials podcast, the podcast designed to help you learn the essentials of transfusion medicine. They can be caused by patient rbcs, patient serum, an underlying condition, human error, or a number of factors. When abo testing goes right, as it almost always does, its a very simple process. Blood banks are using monoclonal antibodies for abo reagents in routine testing. Learn more about abo typing discrepancies online ce course. Describe in detail several causes of abo discrepancies due to the following. Aug 20, 2018 i have taught transfusion medicine to mls students for a number of years, and one of the more challenging concepts for my students is that of abo discrepancies. Objectives to correlate the forward abo typing with the reverse abo typing determine where the discrepancy is observed identify methods for resolving abo discrepancies 1. I presented a poster at the 1997 aabb convention regarding 26 abo reverse grouping discrepancies detected in gel when testing over 3500 patient blood samples. For example, in the abo blood group system the gene a and b are dominant over gene o. Abo discrepancy index american board of orthodontics. The discrepancy is the difference between the two vertical reference lines measured in the horizontal plane.
Naturally occurring anti m complicating abo grouping. No reactions with antia, antib, or antih bombay individuals produce anti a, antib, antia,b, and antih. Posts about abo discrepancy written by lablogatory. For all the discrepant samples, the abo and rhd grouping was repeated using tube technique. List at least 6 technical or clerical errors that may cause abo discrepancies. Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping researchgate.
Drawboard pdf is the most intuitive pdf app on the microsoft store. Pdf discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Discrepancies in abo direct and reverse testing cell and serum tests. Wise, ms, mtascpsbb associate professor, georgia regents university american society for clinical laboratory science georgia 2015 annual meeting may 16, 2015. A case of igm deficiency with b cell deficiency detected by. Describe how an abo discrepancy would be recognized. Blood group serology goubran 2009 isbt science series. Here, we report a subgroup of blood group typeb in the abo system. Resolving abo discrepancies by serological workupan. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Given the results of abo typing, correctly identify if a discrepancy exists and if the source is most likely in the forward or reverse type. Abo typing discrepancy essentials veronica talley, amt haabb fall speaker event september 19, 2018. What are other possible causes of abo discrepancies. Seventh annual pathology education symposium recorded presentation to receive p.
Abo testing is a twopart process, involving testing a persons red cells for the presence of a and or b antigens this is known as cell grouping or more commonly, forward grouping or fronttyping and also testing the same persons serum for. Pdf abo discrepancy prevalence and qualitative study of. Case study 1an 83yearold female is undergoing preop testing which includes a type and screen with a 2unit red cell crossmatch. This antibody, if present in an individual, can lead to a discrepancy between forward and reverse abo grouping and. Discrepancies free download as powerpoint presentation. He was diagnosed with acute anemia of unknown origin when his cbc revealed a hemoglobin of 4. She teaches three simple rules that will get you on the road to solving most of these cases quickly. When encountered, it is critical to reach a resolution in order to report the correct patient abo group. If discrepancies are encountered, the interpretation of the abo grouping has to be delayed until the same has been resolved. Background and objectives abo typing discrepancies in blood donors are not properly considered in iran, and the only solution to this problem is to exclude the blood unit without any reasonable explanation to blood donor.
You may use a computer or mobile device to complete the quiz using thefollowing link by march 31, 2020. Its the only pdf viewer that can open and interact with all types of pdf content, including. Abo discrepancies are one challenge we face in blood banking. Abo discrepancies occur whenever the results of red cell grouping and serum grouping are in disagreement. If some or all a 2 cells are positive as well as some or all of the a 1 cells, the antibody is an alloantibody outside the abo system. Abo discrepancy takes on many forms, and acquired b is a great, if not terribly common, example. In the same way if a child receives from its parents genes b and o it will belong to group b only if it receives gene o from both its parents will it belong to group o. Abo discrepancies occur any time the interpretations of a persons red cell and serum grouping do not agree. Abo typing discrepancies among patients and blood donors in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis of abo discrepancies rp bahrain medical bulletin. Abo discrepancies clerical errors inadequate id of specimen, test tubes, or reagents documentationcomputer entry technical errors cell suspension missed observations hemolysis, rouleaux, etc. Abo study guide opticianworks online optician training.
Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping taseer ahmed. State the source of the anta 1 lectin and state what it is used for. Pdf discrepancy of abo typing in acute leukemia patients. Abo discrepancies occurred 261 times giving a frequency of 0. Preparing for abo certification shows your desire to learn and become a better optician. Importance of weak abo subgroups oxford academic journals. Abo discrepancies and their resolution authorstream. Antibody screen and identification are needed, followed by the selection of blood that lacks the antigen. A relationship between the secretion of the blood group antigens and the presence of antio or antih in human serum. Abo discrepancies with nicole draper released august 1, 2018 joe. Group iv discrepancies these kind of discrepancies are between forward and reverse groping due to miscellaneous problems. Recognizing and resolving abo discrepancies article in immunohematology american red cross 332.
For each category, only some of the potential causes are addressed. Discrepancy detected in reason causes type 1 reverse grouping weak or missing antibody newbron,elderly, leukemias, immunodefieciency diseases immunosuppressant drugs, abo subgroups type 2 forward grouping weak or missing antigen abo subgroup, acquired group leukemias type 3 forward and reverse plasma or protein abnormalities rouleaux,plasma cell disorder. Ppt abo discrepancies powerpoint presentation free to. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for. Results must be recorded, but interpretation of the abo group must be delayed until the discrepancy is resolvedby you. View the video of the presentation using the provided url 2. Using antibodyscreening cells, the patients serum was tested. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A generic term for a variety of situations in which the interpretation of a patient or donors abo grouping results is unclear. List 4 clerical errors which may result in an abo discrepancy. A discrepancy exists when the results of rbc tests do not complement that of serum tests, and the expected two positives and two negatives are not observed.
Free flashcards to help memorize facts about abo discrepancies. During the years 549,229 abo blood grouping tests were performed. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for the blood typing. Discrepancies in the blood bank are common and knowing how to solve them is critical. Recommended laboratory procedurestechniques should be followed for the investigation of any discrepancy e. Explain what must be done when a discrepancy arises in a blood donor. The openoptix abo study guide is the pilot project of the openoptix initiative.
The results and interpretations of routine rbc and serum tests for abo are shown in table 1. Aberrant blood grouping results in a patient with splenomegaly. Presentation handouts 9210tc cases of abo discrepancy. The reasons for discrepancies both clinical and technical have to be sorted out. The results indicated agglutination upon immediate spin, but no ag.
An important part of blood banking is knowing how to deal with unexpected results. Ad is an 86yearold man brought to the er from an assisted living facility. Abo discrepancies, and im really excited for you to hear it from my guest. Weakened or missing reactions in the reverse typing. Result during the years 549,229 abo blood grouping tests were performed. I have taught transfusion medicine to mls students for a number of years, and one of the more challenging concepts for my students is that of abo discrepancies. Discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction.
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